LITERATUR

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(2) Johannes G. M. Thewissen et al. (2001): Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls. - Nature 413: 277 - 281.

(3) Philip D. Gingerich et al. (2001): Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan. - Science 293: 2239 - 2242.

(4) Johannes G. M. Thewissen (Hrsg.) (1998): The emergence of whales. Evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. Plenum Press, New York und London.

(5) Maureen A. O´Leary und Jonathan H. Geisler (1999): The position of Cetacea within Mammalia: Phylogenetic analysis of morphological data from extinct and extant taxa. - Systematic Biology 48 (3): 455 - 490.

(6) Mitsuru Shimamura et al. (1997): Molecular evidence from retroposons that whales form a clade within even-toed ungulates. - Nature 388: 666 - 670.

(7) Masato Nikaido et al. (1999): Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interspersed elements: Hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whales. - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 96: 10261 - 10266.

(8) Zhexi Luo (2000): In search of the whales´ sisters. - Nature 404: 235 - 237.

(9) Johannes G. M. Thewissen et al. (1998): Whale ankles and evolutionary relationships. - Nature 395: 452.

(10) Henning Engeln (2001): Als die Säuger die Erde eroberten. - GEO-Magazin 12/ 2001: 22 - 46.

(11) Douglas H. Chadwick (2001): Evolution of whales. - National Geographic Magazine 11/ 2001: 64 - 77.

(12) Erik Stokstad (2003): Early whales get all wet. — Science 302: 1143.

(13) Richard Dehm und Therese zu Oettingen-Spielberg (1958): Paläontologische und geologische Untersuchungen im Tertiär von Pakistan. 2. Die mitteleozänen Säugetiere von Ganda Kas bei Basal in Nordwest-Pakistan. - Abhandlungen der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Neue Folge 91: 1 - 54.

(14) Robert M. West (1980): Middle Eocene large mammal assemblage with Tethyan affinities, Ganda Kas region, Pakistan. - Journal of Paleontology 54 (3): 508 - 533.

(15) Mary C. Maas und Johannes G. M. Thewissen (1995): Enamel microstructure of Pakicetus (Mammalia: Archaeoceti). – Journal of Paleontology 69 (6): 1154 – 1163.

(16) Maureen A. O´Leary und Mark D. Uhen (1999): The time of origin of whales and the role of behavioral changes in the terrestrial-aquatic transition. - Palaeobiology 25 (4): 534 - 556.

(17) Sunil Bajpai und Philip D. Gingerich (1998): A new Eocene archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from India and the time of origin of whales. - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 95: 15464 - 15468.

(18) Philip D. Gingerich (1994): The whales of Tethys. - Natural History 4/ 1994: 86 - 88.

(19) Philip D. Gingerich und Donald E. Russell (1981): Pakicetus inachus, a new archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the early-middle Eocene Kuldana formation of Kohat (Pakistan). - Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 25: 235 - 246.

(20) Johannes G. M. Thewissen und S. Taseer Hussain (1993): Origin of underwater hearing in whales. - Nature 361: 444 - 445.

(21) Philip D. Gingerich et al. (1983): Origin of whales in epicontinental remnant seas: New evidence from the early Eocene of Pakistan. - Science 220: 403 - 406.

(22) Johannes G. M. Thewissen und Sandra I. Madar (1999): Ankle morphology of the earliest cetaceans and its implications for the phylogenetic relations among ungulates. - Systematic Biology 48 (1): 21 - 30.

(23) Johannes G. M. Thewissen et al. (1996): Ambulocetus natans, an Eocene cetacean (Mammalia) from Pakistan. - Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 191, Frankfurt am Main.

(24) Johannes G. M. Thewissen und Frank E. Fish (1997): Locomotor evolution in the earliest cetaceans: Functional model, modern analogues, and paleontological evidence. - Paleobiology 23 (4): 482 - 490.

(25) Johannes G. M. Thewissen et al. (1994): Fossil evidence for the origin of aquatic locomotion in archaeocete whales. - Science 263: 210 - 212.

(26) Günther Behrmann (1982): Schlüsselbeine beim Schwertwal, Grampus orca. Schaltfehler oder nicht? - Der Präparator 28: 201 - 204.

(27) Kenneth D. Rose (2001): Evolution: The ancestry of whales. - Science 293: 2216 - 2217.

(28) Philip D. Gingerich und Mark D. Uhen (1998): Likelihood estimation of the time of origin of Cetacea and the time of divergence of Cetacea and Artiodactyla. - Palaeontologia Electronica 1 (2): http://palaeo-electronica.org/1998_2/ging_uhen/issue2.htm

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(30) Emily A. Buchholtz (1998): Implications of vertebral morphology for locomotor evolution in early Cetacea. S. 325 - 351 in: Johannes G. M. Thewissen (Hrsg.): The emergence of whales. Evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. Plenum Press, New York und London.

(31) Richard C. Hulbert, Jr. et al. (1998): A new middle Eocene protocetid whale (Mammalia: Cetacea: Archaeoceti) and associated biota from Georgia. - Journal of Paleontology 72 (5): 907 - 927.

(32) Ellen M. Williams (1998): Synopsis of the earliest cetaceans. Pakicetidae, Ambulocetidae, Remingtonocetidae, and Protocetidae. S. 1 - 28 in: Johannes G. M. Thewissen (Hrsg.): The emergence of whales. Evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. Plenum Press, New York und London.

(33) Mark D. Uhen (1999): New species of protocetid archaeocete whale, Eocetus wardii (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the middle Eocene of North Carolina. - Journal of Paleontology 73 (3): 512 - 528.

(34) Sunil Bajpai et al. (1996): Indocetus (Cetacea, Mammalia) endocasts from Kachchh (India). - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 (3): 582 - 584.

(35) http://www.neoucom.edu/Depts/ANAT/Remi.html

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(37) Fred Spoor et al. (2002): Vestibular evidence for the evolution of aquatic behaviour in early cetaceans. - Nature 417: 163 - 166.

(38) Johannes G. M. Thewissen et al. (2001): Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo-Pakistan. - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21 (2): 347 -366.

(39) Johannes G. M. Thewissen et al. (1996): Evolution of cetacean osmoregulation. Nature 381: 379 - 380.

(40) Sandra I. Madar et al. (2002): Additional holotype remains of Ambulocetus natans (Cetacea, Ambulocetidae), and their implications for locomotion in early whales. – Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 (2): 405 – 422.

(41) Johannes G. M. Thewissen und Sunil Bajpai (2001): Dental morphology of Remingtonocetidae (Cetacea, Mammalia). – Journal of Paleontology 75 (2): 463 – 465.

(42) Jonathan H. Geisler und Mark D. Uhen (2003): Morphological support for a close relationship between hippos and whales. – Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 (4): 991 – 996.

(43) Jean-Renaud Boisserie et al. (2005): The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla. - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 102: 1537 - 1541.

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(45) Philip D. Gingerich (2003): Land-to-sea transition in early whales: Evolution of Eocene Archaeoceti (Cetacea) in relation to skeletal proportions and locomotion of living semiaquatic mammals. – Paleobiology 29 (3): 429 – 454.

(46) Johannes G. M. Thewissen und Ellen M. Williams (2002): The early radiations of Cetacea (Mammalia): Evolutionary pattern and developmental correlations. - Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33: 73 - 90.

(47) Sirpa Nummela et al. (2004): Eocene evolution of whale hearing. - Nature 430: 776 - 778.

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(50) Sunil Bajpai und Johannes G. M. Thewissen (2002): Vertebrate fauna from Panandhro lignite field (Lower Eocene), District Kachchh, western India. – Current Science 82 (5): 507 – 509.

(51) Philip D. Gingerich et al. (2005): Makaracetus bidens, a new protocetid archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the early middle Eocene of Balochistan (Pakistan). - Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 31: 197 - 210.

(52) Sunil Bajpai und Johannes G. M. Thewissen (1998): Middle Eocene cetaceans from the Harudi and Subathu formations of India. S. 213 - 233 in: Johannes G. M. Thewissen (Hrsg.): The emergence of whales. Evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. Plenum Press, New York und London.

(53) Mark D. Uhen (1998): Middle to late Eocene basilosaurines and dorudontines. S. 29 - 61 in: Johannes G. M. Thewissen (Hrsg.): The emergence of whales. Evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. Plenum Press, New York und London.

(54) Mikko Haaramo: Mikko«s Phylogeny Archive. HYPERLINK http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo (Suina-Seite zuletzt modifiziert am 15. 11. 2005.)

(55) Augustus T. White (2004): Cetartiodactyla: Artiodactyla. HYPERLINK http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/520Cetartiodactyla/520.300.html

(56) Johannes G. M. Thewissen et al. (2007): Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India. Ð Nature 450: 1190 Ð 1194.

(57) Philip D. Gingerich et al. (2009): New protocetid whale from the middle Eocene of Pakistan: Birth on land, precocial development, and sexual dimorphism. Ð PloS ONE 4 (2): e4366. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004366.

(58) Johannes G. M. Thewissen und S. Taseer Hussain (2000): Attockicetus praecursor, a new remingtonocetid cetacean from marine Eocene sediments of Pakistan. Ð Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7 (3): 133 Ð 146.

(59) Lois J. Roe et al. (1998): Isotopic approaches to understanding the terrestrial-to-marine transition of the earliest cetaceans. S. 399 Ð 422 in: Johannes G. M. Thewissen (Hrsg.): The emergence of whales. Evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. Plenum Press, New York und London.

(60) Johannes G. M. Thewissen und Sunil Bajpai (2009): New skeletal material of Andrewsiphius and Kutchicetus, two Eocene cetaceans from India. Ð Journal of Paleontology 83 (5): 635 Ð 663.

(61) Lisa Noelle Cooper et al. (2009): New Middle Eocene archaeocetes (Cetacea: Mammalia) from the Kuldana Formation of northern Pakistan. Ð Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(4): 1289 Ð 1299.

(62) Amy Maas und Sandra I. Madar (2005): Significance of body proportions in the transition to dorsoventral undulatory modes of swimming in archaeocete whales. S. 47 in Mark D. Uhen (Hrsg.): Evolution of aquatic tetrapods. Fourth Triannual Convention Abstracts (= Cranbrook Institute of Science Miscellaneous Publications, Volume 1). Bloomfield Hills.

(63) Sandra I. Madar (2007): The postcranial skeleton of early Eocene pakicetid cetaceans. Ð Journal of Paleontology 81 (1): 176 Ð 200.